Which of the following is a major medical threat that needs control measures?

Diarrheal diseases are a significant medical threat that necessitates control measures due to their widespread prevalence and potential for severe health consequences. These diseases are often caused by infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, which can be transmitted through contaminated food and water. Effective control measures are essential to prevent outbreaks and protect public health.

Preventing diarrheal diseases primarily involves ensuring access to clean water, proper sanitation, and good hygiene practices. This may include promoting handwashing, safe food handling, and sanitation facilities. In military or disaster-relief scenarios, where conditions may deteriorate quickly, such control measures are vital to mitigate the risk of outbreaks that can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and even death, particularly among vulnerable populations.

While respiratory diseases, allergies, and skin disorders can also pose health threats, they do not have the same immediate and widespread impact as diarrheal diseases, which can rapidly spread in unsanitary conditions and lead to high morbidity and mortality rates if not adequately controlled.