What term categorizes a soldier who has been bitten by a black widow spider?

The term that best categorizes a soldier who has been bitten by a black widow spider is envenomization. This term specifically refers to the process by which venom is introduced into the body through a bite or sting, leading to potential physiological effects from the toxin. In the case of a black widow spider, the venom can cause various symptoms and health concerns, which is indicative of envenomization rather than simply a bite or wound.

Infestation generally refers to the invasion of parasites, like lice or fleas, which does not apply to an individual who has been bitten by a spider. Contamination typically relates to the presence of harmful substances or pathogens that can pose health risks but does not specifically pertain to the effects of venom from an animal bite. Infection involves the invasion of bacteria, viruses, or fungi into the body, which may or may not occur as a result of a bite, but is not the primary concern when addressing the outcome of a venomous spider bite. Thus, envenomization accurately characterizes the condition resulting from the action of the spider's venom.